{"id":189512,"date":"2023-11-03T11:16:50","date_gmt":"2023-11-03T15:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/?p=189512"},"modified":"2023-11-03T11:16:50","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T15:16:50","slug":"who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Will Pay for Carbon Emissions Polluting the Sea?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Lawsuits as a tool in the fight against climate change\u2014trying to hold polluters accountable for carbon emissions and governments liable for damaged and dangerous environments\u2014are not new.<\/p>

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What\u00a0is\u00a0<\/i>new is that\u00a0they are on the rise<\/span><\/a>, and plaintiffs are actually beginning to win them, such as in the recently decided\u00a0Held v. Montana<\/i>, in which\u00a0a group of young people sued their state<\/span><\/a> over its extraction policies.<\/p>\n

On September 11, less than a month after that victory, another landmark climate case headed to court.<\/p>

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This time multiple small island nations came together to take legal action against much larger, high-emission countries. The hearing is considered to be the world\u2019s first ocean climate justice case.<\/p>

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At issue is whether carbon emissions absorbed by marine environments should be classified as pollution, and what responsibilities countries have to pay for them.<\/p>\n

Coral bleaching and ocean acidification are some of the harmful effects of carbon pollution and warming temperatures.<\/span><\/p>

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Nine Pacific and Caribbean island nations, including the\u00a0<\/span>Bahamas, Tuvalu, and Antigua and Barbuda,<\/span>\u00a0have joined together to make their case in front of the\u00a0<\/span>International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea\u00a0in Hamburg, Germany. <\/span><\/p>\n

These islands have been dealing with rising sea levels and storms increasing in size and frequency\u2014effects of climate change which the islands allege have been worsened by the actions of much larger countries. This case has global implications; as the\u00a0New York Times<\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0reported, \u201cthe court\u2019s opinion could lead to wide-ranging claims for damages.\u201d<\/span><\/p>

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The Law of the Sea<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Already, in the days since the tribunal convened to hear the islands\u2019 case, the\u00a0Philippines<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0has announced it is considering pursuing legal action against China for damages sustained by coral in South China Sea reefs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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Coral bleaching and ocean acidification are some of the harmful effects of carbon pollution and warming temperatures that can impact the ecosystem. In addition, the small island nations have sounded the alarm that more low-lying island states are \u201cat risk of becoming submerged by water by the end of the century due to slow-onset climate impacts,\u201d as reported by\u00a0Reuters<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cInternational law is an essential mechanism for correcting the manifest injustice that our people are suffering as a result of climate change.\u201d<\/span>The initial days of the hearing, expected to last several weeks total, saw evidence given by Prime Ministers Kausea Natano of Tuvalu and Gaston Browne of Antigua and Barbuda.<\/p>\n

The prime ministers are representing the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS). Larger countries, including Germany, France, Australia, and Saudi Arabia, are also expected to speak at the hearing.<\/p>\n

The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea<\/a><\/span>\u00a0was established in 1982 by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is an independent, intergovernmental organization. Like all courts, it is designed to adjudicate disputes. In the tribunal\u2019s case, it specifically looks at the interpretation and application of the Convention on the Law of the Sea: an\u00a0<\/span>international agreement which establishes the legalities of maritime and marine activities.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As\u00a0Reuters<\/span><\/a>\u00a0reported, following testimony in the small island nations\u2019 case, the tribunal will \u201c<\/span>issue an advisory opinion, which is not legally binding, but offers an authoritative statement on legal matters that could guide countries as they craft climate protection law.\u201d<\/p>\n

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By signing up, you agree to our privacy policy and terms of use, and to receive messages from NPQ and our partners.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Despite the potential limitations of the case\u2019s outcome, plaintiffs are hopeful that this legal intervention could have an impact. As Prime Minister Natano said in his testimony, \u201cWe come here seeking urgent help, in the strong belief that international law is an essential mechanism for correcting the manifest injustice that our people are suffering as a result of climate change.\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u201c<\/span>Natural disasters are more frequent and catastrophic, and developing countries are more vulnerable.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Vulnerable Communities and Islands<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Climate change disproportionally impacts poorer communities and countries, which have fewer resources to deal with its damaging effects. As the planet heats up, \u201cnatural disasters are more frequent and catastrophic, and developing countries are more vulnerable,\u201d as the\u00a0Brookings Institute<\/span><\/a>\u00a0wrote. While climate change is a global phenomenon, a 2016 study published in\u00a0Nature<\/i><\/span><\/a>\u00a0found that \u201c<\/span>the risks and impacts of climate change differ by place and time. Local values and contexts matter,\u201d the researchers wrote, pointing out the particular dangers faced by countries like the ones speaking before the\u00a0<\/span>tribunal<\/span>. \u201cSmall islands are vulnerable to sea-level rise.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Larger, richer countries, responsible for an overwhelming share of polluting\u2014and therefore also for the effects of that pollution\u2014should be held accountable, according to the prime ministers. The world\u2019s\u00a0biggest polluters<\/span><\/a>? China and the United States, which globally produce the most greenhouse gases.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Whether the tribunal agrees with the plaintiffs\u2019 assessment remains to be seen. The hearings lasted until September 25; at press time, the tribunal had not yet released their opinion.<\/p>\n

As reported by Reuters, Browne,\u00a0<\/span>of Antigua and\u00a0<\/span>Barbuda, described the hearing at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea as \u201ca complementary pathway\u201d to other official actions taken by the island nations. Those have been slower to show results, including asking the United Nations for help.<\/p>\n

\u201cOver 30 years, we have been pleading with the large emitters of greenhouse gases to reduce emissions. But they have not heeded our calls,\u201d Browne said.<\/p>\n

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Lawsuits as a tool in the fight against climate change\u2014trying to hold polluters accountable for carbon emissions and governments liable for damaged and dangerous environments\u2014are not new. What\u00a0is\u00a0new is that\u00a0they are on the rise, and plaintiffs are actually beginning to win them, such as in the recently decided\u00a0Held v. Montana, in which\u00a0a group of young […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":185869,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-189512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nWho Will Pay for Carbon Emissions Polluting the Sea? - Antigua News Room<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Bahamas, Tuvalu, and Antigua and Barbuda,\u00a0have joined together to make their case in front of the\u00a0International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Who Will Pay for Carbon Emissions Polluting the Sea?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Bahamas, Tuvalu, and Antigua and Barbuda,\u00a0have joined together to make their case in front of the\u00a0International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Antigua News Room\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/antiguanewsroom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-03T15:16:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/8ebdba1f-5383-4c8b-9175-f18d3cd8884a.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"611\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@AntiguaNewsRoom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@AntiguaNewsRoom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Editor\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/person\/36cac05ef6398fe56ae3e6317f8535c5\"},\"headline\":\"Who Will Pay for Carbon Emissions Polluting the Sea?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-03T15:16:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-03T15:16:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/\"},\"wordCount\":902,\"commentCount\":3,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1024\/h:611\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/8ebdba1f-5383-4c8b-9175-f18d3cd8884a.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/who-will-pay-for-carbon-emissions-polluting-the-sea\/\",\"name\":\"Who Will Pay for Carbon Emissions Polluting the Sea? 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