{"id":186066,"date":"2023-09-25T10:32:08","date_gmt":"2023-09-25T14:32:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/?p=186066"},"modified":"2023-09-25T10:32:08","modified_gmt":"2023-09-25T14:32:08","slug":"unchecked-police-killings-compounding-factors-non-completion-of-coroners-inquisitions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/unchecked-police-killings-compounding-factors-non-completion-of-coroners-inquisitions\/","title":{"rendered":"Unchecked Police Killings \u2013 Compounding Factors Non-completion of Coroner\u2019s Inquisitions"},"content":{"rendered":"
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UNCHECKED POLICE KILLINGS \u2013 COMPOUNDING FACTORS NON-COMPLETION OF CORONER\u2019S INQUISITIONS<\/p>

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BY RAWLSTON POMPEY<\/strong><\/p>\n

While public administrators speak to \u2018Economic Prosperity,\u2019 as far as the safety and security of the citizenry are concerned, these appear to be in serious jeopardy. On the one hand, is the criminal element. On the other, is a small minority of law enforcement officers that have shown scant respect for the \u2018Sanctity of Life.\u2019 Then seemingly attributing and \u2018Compounding\u2019 this problem, has been the \u2018Non-Completion of Coroner\u2019s Inquisitions.\u2019<\/p>

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CHECKS AND BALANCES<\/p>

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These \u2018Inquisitions\u2019 are expected to act as \u2018Checks and Balances\u2019 to protect and preserve the \u2018Sanctity of Life\u2019 of the citizen.\u2019 More particularly, when seeming untrained heavily armed law enforcers, smarting under pretext of performing duty, seeks to snuff out the life of both the \u2018Sane and Insane.\u2019 Consequent upon research, that which was reported to be \u2018Rare in the United Kingdon,\u2019 appears to have fast becoming commonplace in this comparatively peaceful nation. While some protestations were said to be currently underway in the \u2018United Kingdom,\u2019 over the use of \u2018Deadly Weapon and Deadly Force,\u2019 lessons might still be learned from the \u2018London Metropolitan Police.\u2019<\/p>\n

ARMED POLICE OFFICERS<\/p>

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Instructively, it was revealed that; (i) \u2018Police Killings\u2019 in the United Kingdom is rare; (ii) Only about \u20181 in 10 Police officers\u2019 carry Service-issued Firearms in the performance of specially assigned duties\u2019 [ABC News: September 24, 2023]. The said news portal reported that a shooting showed that a \u2018Police Marksman\u2019 allegedly shot through the windscreen of an \u2018Audi Car.\u2019 Instantaneously, a \u2018black motorist, Chris Kaba 24\u2019 was fatally wounded [September 2022]. Subsequently, prosecuting authorities reportedly slapped a \u2018Murder\u2019 charge against the \u2018unidentified officer.\u2019 The \u2018Cold-blooded Murderer\u2019 was said to have been granted bail [ABC: September 24, 2023]. Seemingly fearing racial repercussion, his identity has been deliberately withheld.<\/p>\n

GRIEVOUS LAMENTATION<\/p>

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British prosecutorial action, shall have given Police authorities very good reasons not only to have addressed citizen\u2019s concerns, but also to arrest the \u2018Commonplace\u2019 situation that, in recent time, has manifested itself within the \u2018Police Service.\u2019 Invariably, the victims of \u2018Police Shootings and Extra-Judicial Killing,\u2019 have been unleashed upon the impoverished citizens. In this jurisdiction, the recent demise of several male victims, \u2018Sane and Insane,\u2019 speaks to \u2018Commonplace Police\u2019 shooting spree. Likened to the citizen that have experienced \u2018Sorrowful Lamentation,\u2019 law enforcers shall also know that with the senseless killing of the unarmed and innocent, they too, shall experience \u2018Grievous Lamentation.\u2019<\/p>

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PERSPECTIVE<\/p>\n

As it affects the fundamental rights, freedoms and liberties of the individual, there are some courses of action by some law enforcers, that speak to; \u2018Blatancy; Incivility; Idiocy; Insensitivity; and Stupidity.\u2019 This commentary not only speaks to these, but also the call for; (a) \u2018Accountability; and (b) Criminal Justice.\u2019 These are particularly so, as it affects the \u2018Sanctity of Life.\u2019 It speaks specifically to; (i) \u2018The innocently gunned down citizens by a very small, but apparent \u2018trigger-happy criminals,\u2019 dressed in \u2018Police Black Squad\u2019 and \u2018Camouflage Military uniforms; (ii) Provisions contained in the \u2018Coroners Act; and (iii) A clearly disturbing and non-functional part of the \u2018Magistracy,\u2019 called the \u2018Coroner\u2019s Court.\u2019<\/p>\n

PAIN OF TRAGEDY<\/p>\n

In this jurisdiction, very few \u2018Police Killings\u2019 have been given as much media coverage as that of \u2018Bendals\u2019 resident \u2018Mannie James.\u2019 Among the advocates for \u2018Accountability and Justice,\u2019 has been the very vocal attorney-at-law, \u2018Leon \u2018Chaku\u2019 Symister.\u2019 As family and loved ones continue to mourn and grieve over the tragic loss of \u2018Mannie Anicia James,\u2019 community members continue to grapple with the deafening silence, compounded by the \u2018non-commencement of a \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquisition.\u2019 Such \u2018Inquisition\u2019 is necessary to ascertain the \u2018Circumstances\u2019 touching his apparent \u2018Extra-Judicial Killing\u2019 by members of the \u2018Joint Task Force,\u2019 reportedly established to fight crime. Likened to family, loved ones and friends; members of the \u2018Bendals\u2019 community; and by extension, general public, appear to be no closer to seeing an early closure to this \u2018Painful Tragedy.\u2019<\/p>\n

COMPOUNDING FACTOR<\/p>\n

The commentary shall commence with the functions of the \u2018Coroner.\u2019 This was viewed from a purely professional perspective. Without a shadow of doubt, the non-holding\/completion of \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquisitions\u2019 has been seen as the \u2018Compounding Factor\u2019 for continued \u2018Police Shootings and Extra-Judicial Killings.\u2019 This has been is the \u2018Court of Accountability.\u2019 It was specifically and statutorily established to, inter alia; (a) \u2018To hold timely \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquisitions; and (b) Make findings and determinations as to whether a death was; (i) \u2018Misadventure; or (ii) Police killing\u2019 was; (a) \u2018Justifiable; or (b) Murder; or (c) Manslaughter.\u2019<\/p>\n

SOCIETAL INTOLERANCE<\/p>\n

Nowhere across the universe has there been \u2018Societal Tolerance\u2019 for \u2018Police Excesses.\u2019 Such has been feared equally as much as it has been abhorred and denounced. Those advocating \u2018Accountability,\u2019 appear to have been left to \u2018Harbor Illusions.\u2019 This has been so, since no known actions have been taken to reign in personnel that appear to have been overly aggressive, mercilessly brutal and fatally carnage. These, undoubtedly, have given the appearance of a developed, and overlooked sub-culture, relished only by a small minority of rogue and trigger-happy \u2018Police officers.\u2019<\/p>\n

PUSSY-FOOT<\/p>\n

Given this outline, it was considered prudent to commence this commentary with; (a) \u2018The gunning down of Mannie James; and (b) The purpose for the \u2018Coroner\u2019s Act;\u2019 and (c) The role and functions statutorily specified therein, and duties imposed upon \u2018Coroners\u2019 [Chapter 105]. Though no \u2018Coroner\u2019 was known to have been \u2018Pussy-Footing\u2019 around,\u2019 or continues to \u2018Pussy-Foot\u2019 with holding and completing \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquests,\u2019 the time has come for \u2018Coroner\u2019s Courts\u2019 to be fully functional.<\/p>\n

POLICE PUSSY-FOOTING<\/p>\n

There are certain fundamentals that some \u2018Coroners\u2019 appear not to know, thereby running the risk of being deemed \u2018reckless not to know.\u2019 Even so, no one may dictate when and how \u2018Coroners\u2019 shall hold \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquests.\u2019 Still, nothing shall prevent an observer from suggesting that the time has also come for \u2018Coroners\u2019 to assert their authority in call upon the Police authority to; (a) \u2018Complete their investigations; and (b) With expedition, submit \u2018Inquest Files.\u2019 Clearly, this is one way of eliminating \u2018Police Pussy-Footing.\u2019<\/p>\n

CIVIC \u2013 LEGAL – INQUISITIONAL<\/p>\n

For the benefit of public knowledge, the \u2018Coroners Act\u2019 provides for imparting even to understanding of educators and student bodies of all \u2018Secondary Schools\u2019 within the nation of Antigua and Barbuda. As \u2018Civic, Legal and Inquisitional Duties\u2019 dictate, that which shall be imparted to students and known by \u2018Coroners,\u2019 unambiguously states; \u2018Magistrates shall be Coroners for their respective \u2018Magisterial Districts, and as such, each may act for, or assist each other in the performance of their duties\u2019 [Coroner\u2019s Act: Section 3: Chapter 105].<\/p>\n

CORONERS: STATUTORY DUTY<\/p>\n

It shall be pointed out that while general populace has been subjected to obedience to the law, \u2018Coroners\u2019 under the \u2018Coroner\u2019s Act,\u2019 have also been placed under \u2018Statutory Duty\u2019 to discharge their statutory duties as the \u2018Act\u2019 dictates. Fundamental to the holding of \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquisition,\u2019 is the statutory duty imposed upon every \u2018Coroner.\u2019 Speaking to such commencement, is pre-viewing the body of a deceased, either by a \u2018Coroner\u2019 alone or with a 5-member Jury. Though they need no unsolicited advice, for reasons of \u2018Transparency and Accountability,\u2019 a \u2018Coroner\u2019 shall be prudently guided to do so only with a formally summoned \u2018Coroner\u2019s Jury.\u2019<\/p>\n

VIEWING OF THE BODY<\/p>\n

To those that may not have properly positioned themselves to know, the \u2018Act\u2019 unambiguously states; \u2018Viewing includes the making of any necessary external examination\u2019 of the body of the deceased person that met \u2018an Unnatural Death.\u2019 With no intention of insulting the intelligence of \u2018Coroners,\u2019 that which they shall know is the difference between: (a) \u2018Natural: and (b) \u2018Unnatural Death.\u2019 These have been clearly defined and stipulated in the said \u2018Coroner\u2019s Act.\u2019 [CA: Section 2: Chapter 105: Laws of Antigua and Barbuda].<\/p>\n

UNNATURAL DEATH v NATURAL CAUSES<\/p>\n

These include death which occurs in; (i) \u2018A Sudden: (ii) Violent; or (iii) Unnatural manner; or (iv) Where a body is found; or (v) As to which any reasonable suspicion exists that the same has not arisen from \u2018Natural Causes;\u2019 or (vi) As to which any reasonable suspicion exists that any person is criminally responsible for such death\u2019 [CA: Section 2]. Parliament had long anticipated that: (a) \u2018Some deaths would be sudden and natural; while (b) Some killings, be it committed by the citizenry or law enforcement, will also be tragically sudden. These are the \u2018Killings\u2019 that bereaved families have been constantly calling for \u2018Accountability and Justice.\u2019<\/p>\n

STATUTORY RESPONSIBILITIES<\/p>\n

These have been the ones general public have always taken great interest in knowing who shall be held liable. Moreover, that such liability shall subject the guilty to \u2018Severe Penal Consequences.\u2019 Given their \u2018Statutory Responsibilities,\u2019 there shall be no reason why \u2018Coroners\u2019 could not avail themselves adequate time to address matters of grave public concern. That which \u2018Coroners\u2019 shall know, is that \u2018Fatal Police Shootings\u2019 demand that they, as well as the \u2018Coroner\u2019s Courts\u2019 shall never be perceived by the citizenry as \u2018Moribund,\u2019 nor the institution be seen as mere symbolism.<\/p>\n

MISDEMEANORAL CONSEQUENCES<\/p>\n

Not only has research shown, but professional knowledge of the \u2018Coroner\u2019s Act,\u2019 clearly showed that \u2018Parliament\u2019 had long anticipated that some persons functioning in the capacity of \u2018Coroners,\u2019 may become as crooked as a cork screw.\u2019 In ensuring that no \u2018Coroner\u2019 run afoul of the law, Parliamentarians inserted a preventive Section that states; \u2018A Coroner who is guilty of extortion or corruption; or of willful neglect of his\/her duty or of misbehavior in the discharge of his\/her duty shall be guilty of a \u2018Misdemeanor\u2019 and shall be guilty of a fine not exceeding EC$5, 000\u2019 [CA: Section 4].<\/p>\n

INQUISITIONAL DUTIES<\/p>\n

Such penalty speaks to the seriousness that \u2018Coroners\u2019 shall take in discharging their \u2018Inquisitional Duties.\u2019 The same \u2018Parliamentarians\u2019 also anticipated that barring incompetence, some \u2018Coroners\u2019 may not wish to subject themselves to the rigors of \u2018Holding Coroner\u2019s Inquisitions.\u2019 The \u2018Coroner\u2019s Act\u2019 not only imposes a duty upon them so to do, but also empowered the \u2018Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP),\u2019 to require \u2018Coroners\u2019 to \u2018Hold Inquests.\u2019 Those that may not have sufficiently familiarize themselves with the \u2018Act\u2019 and their \u2018Statutory Duties,\u2019 shall not only know the seriousness of the role and functions of a Coroner, but also its importance to \u2018Public Justice.<\/p>\n

POWERS OF DPP<\/p>\n

Every \u2018Coroner\u2019 shall know that; \u2018The Director of Public Prosecutions\u2019 may require \u2018ANY\u2019 Coroner to hold an Inquest into the cause of, and circumstances connected with the death of \u2018ANY\u2019 person, and may require \u2018ANY\u2019 Coroner, although an Inquest with respect to the same death may have been; (a) Already commenced; or (b) Held; or (c) Returned,\u2019 and every \u2018Coroner\u2019 so required, shall have full power to, and shall hold such inquest\u2019 [CA: Section 43]. There is even more in the \u2018Coroner\u2019s Act\u2019 than appears to be known by some people acting in such capacity and general public.<\/p>\n

INTEREST OF JUSTICE<\/p>\n

That which follows shall indicate the \u2018Mischief Aimed by Parliament.\u2019 In their collective \u2018Vision and Wisdom,\u2019 Parliamentarians have further inserted this \u2018Compulsory Section.\u2019 It states; \u2018Where a \u2018Coroner;\u2019 (a) \u2018Refuses or neglects to hold an Inquest; or further investigation as required; or (b) If the Director of Public Prosecutions is satisfied that a \u2018Coroner\u2019 has held an Inquest and that by reasons of; (i) \u2018Fraud; (ii) Rejection of evidence; or (iii) Irregularity of proceedings; or (iv) Insufficiency of inquiry; or otherwise, it is necessary or desirable in the \u2018Interest of Justice\u2019 that another \u2018Inquest\u2019 shall be held, he shall initiate appropriate actions against an offending \u2018Coroner\u2019 [CA: Section 45].<\/p>\n

PERILOUS CONSEQUENCES<\/p>\n

A \u2018Procedural Authority\u2019 that resides in the \u2018DPP\u2019 allows for the office holder to resort to the \u2018Supreme Court\u2019 for an order to be made for the errant \u2018Coroner.\u2019 Such commands an offending \u2018Coroner\u2019 to hold an Inquest touching the said death. A \u2018Coroner\u2019 feigning ignorance; or playing stupid or lazy, shall apprise him\/herself of just what \u2018Perilous Judicial Consequences,\u2019 loom above the head of \u2018Coroners.\u2019 The \u2018Act States; \u2018If the Supreme Court\u2019 thinks it just, order the said \u2018Coroner\u2019 to pay such costs of, and incidental to the application as it may seem just, even where an Inquest has already been held, and may quash the inquisition on that that Inquest\u2019 [Coroner\u2019s Act: Section 45 (1): Chapter105].<\/p>\n

CORONAVIRUS-19 TRIBULATIONS<\/p>\n

Even after that period of the \u2018Corona Virus-19 Tribulations,\u2019 Police and Joint Task Force Shootings and Extra-Judicial Killings\u2019 continue. In many jurisdictions, as it has been in this nation, there have been daily cries, either on the streets or on social and mainstream media. \u00a0Many people, out of desperation, have called and continue to call either for; (a) \u2018Social Justice; (b) Economic Justice; or (c) Criminal Justice.\u2019 As it affects the law-abiding and unarmed citizens, they have seen; (a) \u2018Little abatement; (b) No allaying of fears; (c) No disclosure of investigative findings, if at any: (d) No accountability; nor (e) Anyone being made amenable to law.\u2019<\/p>\n

GUNSHOTS IN GRAYS\/GREEN<\/p>\n

On the night when tragedy struck, the only killed by \u2018Spleen and abdomen-piercing Police bullets, only those on the street in the immediate vicinity will have seen where the apparent lifeless body of \u2018Mannie Anicia James 43,\u2019 immovably fell. They knew or reasonably suspected that whatever else the sound meant, the life of a citizen had been snuffed out. Given the legal interpretations of; (a) Natural; and (b) Unnatural Death,\u2019 none may say that his body was; (a) \u2018Found: or that (b) He died of \u2018Natural Causes?\u2019 When \u2018Gunshots\u2019 reportedly rang out in the \u2018Grays\/Green\u2019 community, not only they had pierced the stillness of the night, but also his \u2019Spleen and Abdomen\u2019 [July 31, 2023].<\/p>\n

HOT PURSUIT<\/p>\n

Seemingly handicapping the out of physical-running shape of two male persons in \u2018Hot Pursuit,\u2019 the deceased ran for dear life. The pursuit was all over, when he, in full view of members of the \u2018Grays\/Green\u2019 community, was mercilessly gunned down. Then likened to a \u2018Barbudan Fallow Deer,\u2019 his apparent lifeless body was to be seen being dragged along the street to a reported \u2018Joint Task Force (JTF)\u2019 vehicle. Those so cruelly and insensitively involved were identified as; (i) \u2018A member of the Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda (RPAB); and (ii) A member of the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force (ABDF).\u2019<\/p>\n

DEPRIVED OF LIFE<\/p>\n

Clearly \u2018Deprived of Life,\u2019 his lifeless body was to be seen being dragged along the street by two members of the \u2018Joint Task Force (JTF) of \u2018Police and Military\u2019 personnel, and said to have been in hot pursuit [STRATCOM: July 31, 2023]. This spectacle suggested the inevitable.\u2019 There were several possibilities; (a) \u2018Tragic and sorrowful end of his life; (b) Families left to mourn and grieve; and (c) Engulfing sadness of an unexpected preparation of a funeral by either the \u2018Funeral Home\u2019 of; (i) \u2018Barnes; or (ii) Straffie\u2019s; (d) Then to one of the \u2018Lord\u2019s Holy Sanctuaries;\u2019 and (e) Thence, to one of the nation\u2019s over-populated cemeteries.\u2019<\/p>\n

STRATCOM AND WADADLI BEER<\/p>\n

Then as the populace anxiously awaits the findings and outcome of; (a) \u2018The Pathologist\u2019s Anatomical Examination Report\u2019 appears to have provoked mistrust in the citizenry; while (b) The formal investigation into the incident as \u2018STRATCOM\u2019 has indicated, has yet to be completed [ABS Tv\/Radion: August 3, 2023]. The acronym represents the Police medium \u2018Strategic Communications,\u2019 the medium infrequently used to communicate information necessary to dispel public doubts or disquiet. Given public dissatisfaction, \u2018STRATCOM,\u2019 has been likened to a well-shaken bottle of \u2018Wadadli Beer,\u2019 that has always been seen as reflective of more \u2018Froth than \u2018Beer.\u2019<\/p>\n

PRINCIPLES: SIR ROBERT PEEL<\/p>\n

When he recreated and shaped the new \u2018British Police,\u2019 then \u2018Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel, will have left a legacy of \u2018Nine Policing Principles\u2019 [February 5, 1788 – July 2, 1850]. These have not been widely recognized, but also practiced in numerous jurisdictions within the \u2018Commonwealth. The \u2018Principles\u2019 speak, inter alia to the use of \u2018Physical Force.\u2019 Such may be used as a last resort. Even so, he advised that \u2018To use only minimum degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a Police objective\u2019 [Principle 6].<\/p>\n

MESSAGE: SIR VERE CORNWALL BIRD<\/p>\n

Insisted that the Police shall function within the realm of law, \u2018Sir Robert\u2019 urged the \u2018Police; \u2018To refrain from even seeming to; (a) \u2018Usurp the powers of the Judiciary; (b) Avenging individuals or the State; (c) Authoritatively judging guilt; and (d) Punishing the guilty\u2019 [Wikipedia: Principle 8: 1829]. That which shall also be recognized and treated with as much respect, has been a \u2018Police Week Message\u2019 by \u2018Former Prime Minister and National Hero, Sir Vere Cornwall Bird NH, KCN.\u2019 He saw the \u2018Police\u2019 from his \u2018Ideals;\u2019 (a) \u2018\u2026Every Policeman should continue the noble tradition of dedication to faithful service; and (b) They shall show every determination to maintain law and order impartially.\u2019<\/p>\n

IDEALISM<\/p>\n

Speaking to Police efficiency, \u2018Sir Vere\u2019 posited; \u2018This is the keynote in the \u2018Concept of a Policeman;\u2019 (a) \u2018His helpfulness and his determination portray him as a tower of strength in time of distress and anxiety; (b) Someone you can rely on to restore order, when there is disorder; (c) Someone to be emulated; and (d) Such are the hall marks of a Police officer\u2019 [August 29, 1993 \u2013 September 4, 1993]. Given today\u2019s law enforcement apparent hostile and combative attitude and criminally-brutal and deadly behavior, such \u2018Message,\u2019 may now be seen as being \u2018Full of Idealism.\u2019<\/p>\n

PAPA DEAD WRONG<\/p>\n

While \u2018Papa\u2019 had urged \u2018Emulating the Police,\u2019 gun-toting law enforcers, practice terror and tyranny; While \u2018Papa\u2019 expected harmony in \u2018police\/citizen relations, law enforcers have set themselves apart from the citizenry. They have engaged themselves in a practice that speaks to oppression and subjugation. Clearly, with frequent \u2018Shootings and Extra-Judicial Killings, a very small minority of \u2018Today\u2019s Policeman,\u2019 has proved \u2018Papa Dead Wrong.\u2019 Today\u2019s \u2018Police\u2019 actions have been made demonstrably clear that no \u2018Policeman\u2019s Finger\u2019 shall be unhappy.<\/p>\n

GUNNED DOWN: SANE AND INSANE<\/p>\n

Translated into sorrow and grief, their actions have shown that there will be \u2018Police-Occasioned Funerals.\u2019 Today, the often heavily armed law enforcement personnel, under a security umbrella called the; \u2018Joint Task Force (JTF),\u2019 and operating under pretext of crime fighting, have gunned down both the \u2018Sane and Insane.\u2019 Not infrequently, \u2018Police \u2018STRATCOM\u2019 Press Release\u2019 often reports only the version of events given by the \u2018Police Shooters and Killers\u2019 of the invariably -unarmed victims, permanently silenced by the bullets of their blazing guns.\u2019<\/p>\n

MODERN POLICE TRENDS<\/p>\n

Such actions not only define modern life, but also modern Police Trends. That which \u2018Papa\u2019 may not have known, was that while he envisaged and encouraged \u2018Helpfulness,\u2019 law enforcers practice brutal wickedness; While \u2018Papa\u2019 saw in the \u2018Policeman,\u2019 a \u2018Tower of Strength in time of distress,\u2019 law enforcers continue to demonstrate \u2018blood-thirstiness, but also trigger-happiness. While \u2018Star Black\u2019 was said to have been the \u2018Ranger in Town\u2019 [Sir MacLean Emmanuel: King Short Shirt: YouTube], neither in his subsequent law enforcement career, has he had gunned down any person, caused harm or funerals.<\/p>\n

TENURE – PRESTIGE \u2013 PERKS – NOVELTY<\/p>\n

Those calling for the latter, have been unrelenting. Such calls appeared to have ended in \u2018Silence and Futility.\u2019 Research has revealed that persons known to have previously held prominent positions on the \u2018United Nations\u2019 \u2018Interamerican Human Rights,\u2019 was never heard. Instructively, with a reported visible presence and voice, they were said to have been more interested in the \u2018Tenure; Prestige; Perks and Novelty\u2019 associated with their positions. Though unmuzzled, with apparent \u2018Extra-Judicial Killings\u2019 within the nation of \u2018Antigua and Barbuda, knowing the work of the organization against \u2018Human Rights;\u2019 (a) \u2018Abuses; (b) Killings; and (c) Disappearances,\u2019 rightly or wrongly, their silence has earned them the description of being as quiet as \u2018Mouses\u2019 living in the \u2018Churches\u2019 across the nation.<\/p>\n

STARTLING REVELATIONS<\/p>\n

Ensuring that relevant information was sourced on people of prominence and with a \u2018Passion for Justice,\u2019 a \u2018Google Search\u2019 provides the most \u2018Startling Revelations.\u2019 Fortunately, or unfortunately, it makes for little wonder that \u2018Police Shootings and Extra-Judicial Killings\u2019 continue without the voices of those with such \u2018Passion.\u2019 The apparent self-serving revelations have been stumbled upon; \u2018Our Sir Clare served for 8 years as a \u2018Commissioner\u2019 on the \u2018Interamerican Commission on Human Rights.\u2019 Instructively, while the national \u2018Police\u2019 shot and killed unarmed citizens, additional information speaks to his availability for; (a) \u2018Consultancy; and (b) Speaker at conferences; seminars and workshops\u2019 [Website: Roberts and Co].<\/p>\n

VOLUNTEERISM AND PASSION<\/p>\n

Endeavoring to source pertinent information on her \u2018Volunteerism and Passion,\u2019 it was revealed that \u2018Safiya Roberts\u2019 was an attorney with a civil practice before the \u2018Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC).\u2019 Ascertaining her \u2018Passion\u2019 for the promotion of \u2018Human Rights\u2019 within her country of domicile, a source chuckled and provided a most humorous, but ironical response, saying; \u2018Any \u2018Passion\u2019 has to be for the fruit of the same name\u2019 [Sunday: September 24, 2023]. Such appeared more facetious, than mischievous. Those with a \u2018Passion\u2019 for promoting \u2018Human Rights\u2019 across the region, appeared to have completely removed the nation of \u2018Antigua and Barbuda\u2019 from such consideration.<\/p>\n

CONSCIENCES AND VOICES<\/p>\n

There have been many people who, persistently and \u2018Unrelentingly Advocacy\u2019 for \u2018Police Accountability\u2019 for actions, starved for \u2018Justification and Legitimacy.\u2019 Such calls reflect the grievous and deadly sides of \u2018Police Excesses.\u2019 There may have been some \u2018Consciences\u2019 not moved, and some \u2018Voices\u2019 not heard. Seemingly moving to a level beyond occasional, there have been grievous, heart-throbbing and mindboggling incidents that have not only provoked anger in the general population, but also families left in a state of anxiety and uncertainty. Then, shocked into dismay and trepidation, has been the \u2018Souls\u2019 of the people and disquieted the conscience of the nation.<\/p>\n

HYPOCRITICAL SENTIMENTS<\/p>\n

Further research also revealed; \u2018In addition, our \u2018Safiya Roberts\u2019 is \u2018Passionate\u2019 about promoting \u2018Human Rights\u2019 throughout the region.\u2019 That which appeared most mindboggling were these \u2018Hypocritical Sentiments;\u2019 \u2026Her enthusiasm having been sparked by her involvement in the \u2018Amnesty Student Group\u2019 at the \u2018BPP Law School in London; \u2026She is working as a volunteer at \u2018Jamaicans for Justice\u2019 [Website: Roberts and Co]. Given the currency of affairs regarding \u2018Police Excesses-Shootings and Extra-Judicial Killings\u2019 within the twin-island nation of \u2018Antigua and Barbuda,\u2019 there appears to have been no enthusiasm or interest in highlighting these grievous atrocities.<\/p>\n

GUNNED DOWN<\/p>\n

Said to have been witnessed by members of the \u2018Grays\/Green\u2019 community, when \u2018Bendals resident \u2018Mannie Anicia James 43,\u2019 was being chased on foot and allegedly \u2018Cold-bloodedly Gunned Down\u2019 by: (i) \u2018An unsupervised rookie Police Constable; and (ii) An unsupervised rookie Private in the Military,\u2019 media personnel appeared either reluctant or fearful of describing the \u2018Unlawful Death\u2019 as \u2018an Extra-judicial killing.\u2019 As graphically and shockingly witnessed, such \u2018Shooting Death\u2019 was capable of being so described. This shall be so until the contrary is proved, either by; (a) \u2018Coroner\u2019s Court; or (b) A Court of Criminal Jurisdiction.\u2019<\/p>\n

DEPRIVATION OF LIFE<\/p>\n

For the benefit of knowledge, any \u2018Deprivation of Life,\u2019 not ordered by the \u2018Judiciary,\u2019 have always been so described. Likened to other jurisdictions, within the \u2018Caribbean community (CARICOM)\u2019 and \u2018Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS),\u2019 people of every stratum of society have been calling for \u2018Justice.\u2019 When hope for closure of that which was widely viewed as the \u2018Extra-Judicial Killing of Mannie James\u2019 seemed to have turned to disillusionment, while reasonable expectations were turned into frustration and dejection. Agitated and distraught families, as well as despondent members of the wider society, have all been unrelenting in their calls for \u2018Accountability and Justice.\u2019<\/p>\n

SENSELESS KILLING<\/p>\n

The bizarre, merciless and senseless killing, has not only revulsed the hearts of family members, loved-ones and friends, but also provoked ire in various communities and foreign visitors. These were the ones that have experienced both his \u2018hospitality and service. These are the ones left to mourn and grieve over the tragic killing of a loved one, either by the Police operating by themselves or in \u2018Joint operations.\u2019 Truth be told, \u2018Police Killings\u2019 have started long before the \u2018Corona Virus-19 Pandemic.\u2019 The \u2018Pandemic\u2019 has visited upon the nation with deadly consequences, and so too has been the \u2018Joint Task Force (JTF)\u2019 [March 2020].<\/p>\n

COMPOUDING CULPRTS<\/p>\n

From any source, legal, law enforcement or otherwise, without contradiction, most delays in holding timely \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquisitions,\u2019 as dictated by the \u2018Coroner\u2019s Act,\u2019 clearly appears to have been due to a gravely understaffed and disappointing \u2018Non-Functional Coroner\u2019s Courts.\u2019 Even with these truths, none shall accuse the \u2018Coroners\u2019 of shirking their statutory responsibilities. These, without a shadow of doubt, have been the \u2018Compounding Culprits.\u2019<\/p>\n

PROCEDURAL IGNORANCE \u2013 PROFESSIONAL INCOMPETENCE<\/p>\n

The situation appears to have been further aggravated by \u2018Procedural Ignorance\u2019 and \u2018Professional Incompetence,\u2019 by those harboring beliefs that; (i) \u2018Viewing of a deceased body: (ii) Performance of an Anatomical Examination; (iii) Knowing the \u2018Causes of Death; and (iv) Issuance of a \u2018Warrant to Bury After View,\u2019 concluded the \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquest.\u2019 It appears that few personnel had sought to familiarize themselves with the procedure contained in the \u2018Coroner\u2019s Act.\u2019 Most embarrassingly, only a few personnel appear to know that \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquisitions\u2019 are held only in actual \u2018Court Rooms\u2019 setting, and not at \u2018Funeral Homes\u2019 or designated \u2018Morgues.\u2019<\/p>\n

PERVERTING COURSE OF JUSTICE<\/p>\n

Even people that have not been charged with the responsibility for \u2018Law enforcement,\u2019 know when attempts were being made to \u2018Pervert Public Justice.\u2019 Such has not only been long classified as a \u2018Common Law offence,\u2019 but also deemed a serious criminal office and justifiably made punishable by law. This applies to general populations within the then \u2018British Commonwealth,\u2019 and obtains in those independent nations that continue to practice a \u2018Jurisprudence,\u2019 derived from \u2018British Colonialism.\u2019<\/p>\n

CONCERNS RAISED<\/p>\n

When an apparent leaked \u2018Pathologist Anatomical Report\u2019 surfaced as a news story at a news portal website identified as \u2018Real News,\u2019 it seemed to have provoked angst in readers. To all intents and purposes, the headline states; \u2018Allegations of Cover-up of Mannie James\u2019 Shooting Death Raises Concerns.\u2019 The contents state; \u2018on September 6, Government Pathologist, Dr. Petra Nanton-Miller\u2019 performed an autopsy on his body, having been viewed by \u2018Coroner Conliffe Clarke.\u2019 Having listed the \u2018Causes of Death,\u2019 the \u2018Certificate of Death\u2019 appeared to have omitted what possible instrument may have been used on the deceased.<\/p>\n

CAUSES OF DEATH<\/p>\n

Incidentally, on the night of tragic incident, apart from the stillness of the night, that which the piercing gunshots sound, meant, as confirmed by \u2018Pathologist, Dr. Petra Miller-Nanton,\u2019 were three troubling \u2018Causes of Death.\u2019\u00a0 The tragic incident appeared to have borne no sophistication, neither for; (a) \u2018Criminal Investigators; (b) The District Coroner; nor (c) The officially-assigned \u2018Pathologist.\u2019 The assigned Pathologist, a most respected professional, reportedly wrote the \u2018Causes of Death.<\/p>\n

INQUISITIONAL OBSERVATION<\/p>\n

These were determined to be (i) \u2018Hemoperitoneum (Blood in the Peritoneum Cavity): (ii) Piercing splenic injury (Spleen); and (iii) Piercing abdominal injury (Membrane of abdomen).\u2019 These injuries, as reportedly contained in the \u2018Certificate of Death\u2019 speak to the possible instantaneous death of the unarmed deceased. These clearly appeared far removed from any suggestions of \u2018Natural Causes.\u2019 From a law enforcement perspective, that which shall have captured the \u2018Inquisition Observation\u2019 of the investigator and Coroner,\u2019 may have been that which may have possibly caused; (i) \u2018The blood-filled \u2018Peritoneum Cavity;\u2019 and (ii) The instrument, if any, that has caused the \u2018Piercing Injuries.\u2019<\/p>\n

PUBLIC SPECULATIONS<\/p>\n

That which may have been inadvertently or unwittingly left to \u2018Public Speculations\u2019 might be the \u2018Unlawful Use\u2019 of an offensive or lethal weapon. Among the various types, include; (i) \u2018Penetrating point of an ice pick; (ii) Pointed blade kitchen or utility knife; or (iii) The penetrating force of bullets discharged from a firearm.\u2019 Though very clear in the mind of the \u2018Coroner,\u2019 that which may have aroused suspicion, and seemingly provoked serious concerns in interested parties and curious citizens, may have been the purported issuance by the \u2018Coroner\u2019 a \u2018Warrant to Bury After View.\u2019 Confusion reigns when it was revealed that such \u2018Warran\u2019 was intended to avoid a \u2018Coroner\u2019s Inquisition\u2019 touching the \u2018Unnatural Death of Mannie James.\u2019<\/p>\n

SUSPICIOUS THINGS<\/p>\n

From professional experience, such had contrasted the normal \u2018Warrant to Bury Where Inquest is Necessary.\u2019 This has prompted various social media responses. Though not necessarily farfetched, the one that supports \u2018Reasonable Suspicion\u2019 or left to speculations, was that of commenter \u2018Dave Audley \u2018Beef\u2019 Joseph.\u2019 He purportedly wrote; \u2018My Dad has often warned, Sonny Boy, when you see people who know better, do \u2018Suspicious Things,\u2019 it was usually for a reason\u2019 [ANR: September 22, 2023]. Except starved for knowledge, people, held in high regard and deep esteem, were not to be seen or perceived to have done the unthinkable. The \u2018Coroner\u2019 may not only have applied that which was within his knowledge and as stipulated in the law [Coroners Act: Chapter 105:].<\/p>\n

SOUND MEMORY AND DISCRETION<\/p>\n

When the definition of \u2018Murder\u2019 speaks to \u2018Sound Memory and Discretion,\u2019 it not only implies a \u2018Presumption of Sanity,\u2019 but also that a sane person shall behave rationally and act discretely and responsibly. When it speaks to \u2018Unlawfully Kills,\u2019 it is saying that \u2018Death\u2019 must be proved by a voluntary and deliberate act of the accused person.\u2019 Moreover, death must occur within \u2018One year and One Day\u2019 [PPHB:1978: \u00a0Page 73]. Performing to the delight and entertainment of professional colleagues and fans, \u2018Police\u2019 social commentator \u2018Corporal Jermain Samuel- \u2018Singing Sudden\u2019 performed the \u2018Town Rats\u2019 song to the delight and amusement of professional colleagues and fans across the nation [2017].<\/p>\n

MANNIE\u2019S BLOOD<\/p>\n

The clearly \u2018Unlawful and \u2018Extra-Judicial Killing,\u2019 may have been viewed on video-footage that went viral on social media. Before the tragic end to his life, the footage showed him desperately sprinting away from the \u2018Police Shooters\u2019 [ANR: July 31, 2023]. The demise of the deceased \u2018Mannie James,\u2019 looked at from certain species of rodents none may liken \u2018Mannie James\u2019 to the invasive rodents. In fact, \u2018Mannie James\u2019 was a \u2018Reasonable Creature\u2019 in being.\u2019 Though \u2018Mannie\u2019s Blood\u2019 has stained the hands of two \u2018JTF\u2019 members, he may have been in better mental health than those that may very well have been institutionalized at the nation\u2019s lone \u2018Psychiatric Clarevue Hospital.\u2019<\/p>\n

CONCLUSION<\/p>\n

Though it was not for the \u2018Pathologist, Dr. Petra Nanton-Miller\u2019 to so state in the \u2018Anatomical Examination Report,\u2019 from a criminal investigation perspective, such was a killing that was \u2018Unnatural.\u2019 Factually, such killing speaks to the crime of \u2018Murder.\u2019 Since those that continue to; (a) \u2018Enforce criminal law; or (b) Operate Coroner\u2019s Courts; or (c) Occupy office with assigned responsibility for \u2018Public Prosecutions,\u2019 appear not to remember, recall or possess no such knowledge, the \u2018Common Law Definition\u2019 states; (i) \u2018When a person of sound memory and discretion; (ii) Unlawfully kills a reasonable creature in being; (iii) Under the \u2018King\u2019s Peace; (iv) With malice aforethought; (v) Either express or implied,\u2019 such constitutes \u2018Murder\u2019 [Police Promotion Handbook: Page 73]. If such killing was not to be classified as the heinous crime of \u2018Murder,\u2019 then just what is? A \u2018Coroner\u2019 shall take note of the importance of holding \u2018Inquisitions,\u2019 while the \u2018Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP),\u2019 shall not shirk his\/her constitutional duty and prosecutorial responsibility to general public. That which they shall remember, is that \u2018The State agencies and agents, are all subject to Law\u2019 [CO: 1981: Principle: \u2018C\u2019].<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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UNCHECKED POLICE KILLINGS \u2013 COMPOUNDING FACTORS NON-COMPLETION OF CORONER\u2019S INQUISITIONS BY RAWLSTON POMPEY While public administrators speak to \u2018Economic Prosperity,\u2019 as far as the safety and security of the citizenry are concerned, these appear to be in serious jeopardy. On the one hand, is the criminal element. 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