{"id":147818,"date":"2022-03-11T10:17:38","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T14:17:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/?p=147818"},"modified":"2022-03-11T10:17:38","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T14:17:38","slug":"the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/","title":{"rendered":"The Commonwealth at a time of threat to the international legal order"},"content":{"rendered":"
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By Sir Ronald Sanders\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

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(The writer is Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s Ambassador to the United States of America and the Organization of American States.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0He is also a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London and Massey College in the University of Toronto).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

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The Commonwealth, made up of 54 nations of which 32 are small states, should be deeply concerned at the grave threat to the international legal order caused by Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine, and should act together to show strong disapproval.<\/p>\n

This was the theme of a lecture I delivered at the Royal College of Defence Studies in London, on March 7, to over 100 high-level government and military participants from 47 countries, 14 of which were Commonwealth members.\u00a0\u00a0This week\u2019s commentary is a brief outline of some of the points in a 45-minute lecture .<\/p>

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Russian military forces have invaded the sovereign territory of Ukraine in violation of the agreed principles of the United Nations and of international law.\u00a0\u00a0In the words of a distinguished group of international lawyers and academics, on March 4: \u201cPresident Putin\u2019s decision to launch attacks on Ukraine poses a grave challenge to the post-1945 international order. He has sought to replace the rule of law and principles of self-determination for all peoples by the use of force\u201d .<\/p>

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In almost every international forum, the actions of the Russian government have been roundly condemned, and many governments have instituted measures not only to register their strong disapproval, but also to penalize the Russian government.<\/p>\n

However, the response of the 54 Commonwealth countries to\u00a0Russia\u2019s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine has not been uniform.\u00a0\u00a0Commonwealth countries are located across the globe.\u00a0\u00a0Nineteen of them are in Africa, 8 are in Asia, 13 are in the Americas and the Caribbean, 3 are in Europe and 7 are in the Pacific.<\/p>

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The most telling evidence of the differing positions of the 54 Commonwealth countries is the vote, on March 2, in the United Nations General Assembly on a Resolution that condemned the Russian invasion. Forty-three of the 54 Commonwealth member states voted in favour of the Resolution; and eleven of them abstained or absented themselves.<\/p>\n

Of the 11 Commonwealth countries that abstained or stayed away from the vote 7 were African and 4 were Asian.\u00a0\u00a0The three other regions \u2013 the Americans and the Caribbean, the Pacific, and Europe \u2013 comprising 23 countries, all voted in favour.<\/p>

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To be clear, there was no meeting of governments under a Commonwealth umbrella before the United Nations General Assembly Special Emergency Session on March 2, or at any time, concerning the Russian invasion of Ukraine.\u00a0\u00a0Each Commonwealth country voted at the Session, or stayed away from it, either on the basis of its own government\u2019s conviction, or in harmony with other non-Commonwealth organisations of which it is a member. Every small state voted for the Resolution of condemnation.<\/p>

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These small countries would almost automatically oppose any military aggression toward any country or invasion of it.\u00a0\u00a0Lacking the military means to defend themselves against a powerful aggressor, and also deficient in economic strength to apply sanctions, these countries depend on respect for the rule of international law and adherence to the principles of the UN Charter to safeguard their sovereignty and territorial integrity.\u00a0\u00a0When the walls of international law are breached, these small and militarily powerless nations become even more vulnerable to aggression from others.\u00a0\u00a0The arbitrary and unprovoked invasion of Ukraine demanded their immediate condemnation in what they would have considered to be their own interests.<\/p>\n

The Commonwealth\u2019s greatest benefit to each of its leaders is that it puts them in close contact with each other at first hand, and privately at their retreats, when the leader of the smallest country can talk with the leader of the largest or richest nation as an equal, in frank discussion.<\/p>\n

As a practical matter, no other association of countries brings together governments and non-governmental organisations from every continent in the world that have a voice in almost all regional and multilateral groupings, including the G7, the G20, NATO and a host of multilateral organisations such as the Organisation for Co-operation in Economic Development, the Organisation of American States, the African Union, the Association of South East Asian Nations and the Caribbean Community and Common Market.\u00a0\u00a0The potential of a collective Commonwealth outreach into these and other international groups remain of enormous value.<\/p>\n

In the present dispensation of international politics and military and economic alliances, it would be impossible to form the Commonwealth today.\u00a0\u00a0That it already exists as a forum for international dialogue and debate in an atmosphere of intimacy is a gift to its members.<\/p>\n

In this regard, events in Ukraine and the precedent that Russia has now set by discarding international law and replacing it with force to invade and subjugate the country, should remind the Commonwealth that it, too, has disputes that threaten its member states.\u00a0\u00a0Among these are: India and Pakistan over Kashmir; Guatemala which claims all of Belize; Venezuela that claims two-thirds of Guyana; Argentina and Britain over the Falklands Islands; and issues with Turkey over Cyprus.<\/p>\n

As early as 1971, in their Declaration of Commonwealth Principles, Commonwealth countries stated that they were \u201cconvinced that the Commonwealth is one of the most fruitful associations\u201d for \u201cinternational co-operation (that) is essential to remove the causes of war, promote tolerance, combat injustice and secure development among the peoples of the world\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0That declaration remains valid today, with even greater urgency.<\/p>\n

The nations of the world are now engaged in a struggle to safeguard the international legal order, which has been gravely threatened by Russia’s invasion of a sovereign State. No states are more vulnerable than small ones which are usually the first victims.<\/p>\n

Responses and previous commentaries: www.\u00a0sirronaldsanders.com<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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By Sir Ronald Sanders\u00a0 (The writer is Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s Ambassador to the United States of America and the Organization of American States.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0He is also a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London and Massey College in the University of Toronto).\u00a0 The Commonwealth, made up of 54 nations of which 32 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":120330,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-147818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Commonwealth at a time of threat to the international legal order - Antigua News Room<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Commonwealth at a time of threat to the international legal order\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Sir Ronald Sanders\u00a0 (The writer is Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s Ambassador to the United States of America and the Organization of American States.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0He is also a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London and Massey College in the University of Toronto).\u00a0 The Commonwealth, made up of 54 nations of which 32 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Antigua News Room\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/antiguanewsroom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-11T14:17:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sir-Ronald-Sanders-696x464-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"696\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"464\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@AntiguaNewsRoom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@AntiguaNewsRoom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Editor\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/person\/36cac05ef6398fe56ae3e6317f8535c5\"},\"headline\":\"The Commonwealth at a time of threat to the international legal order\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-11T14:17:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-11T14:17:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/\"},\"wordCount\":959,\"commentCount\":4,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:696\/h:464\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sir-Ronald-Sanders-696x464-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/the-commonwealth-at-a-time-of-threat-to-the-international-legal-order\/\",\"name\":\"The Commonwealth at a time of threat to the international legal order - 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