{"id":141459,"date":"2021-11-13T08:10:25","date_gmt":"2021-11-13T12:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/?p=141459"},"modified":"2021-11-13T08:10:25","modified_gmt":"2021-11-13T12:10:25","slug":"antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/","title":{"rendered":"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/a><\/div>

This post was originally published at\u00a0Friedrich Ebert Stiftung<\/a>\u00a0through\u00a0Climate Tracker<\/a>\u2018s COP26 journalism fellowship. An edited version is republished here with permission, as part of Global Voices\u2019 coverage of\u00a0COP26<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

In 2017,\u00a0Hurricane Irma<\/a>\u00a0reduced the tiny Caribbean island of Barbuda to \u201cliterally rubble<\/a>,\u201d forcing the entire population of 1,400 residents to be evacuated to their sister island, Antigua. The\u00a0recovery needs assessment<\/a>\u00a0led by World Bank Group concluded that Irma, combined with another hurricane, Maria (which struck Antigua shortly afterwards), would cost the twin-island nation 377.2 million United States dollars in damages, losses and recovery needs\u2014a bill amounting to 25 per cent of the country\u2019s\u00a0gross domestic product<\/a>\u00a0(GDP) that year.<\/p>\n

The destructive capacity of Irma, which made landfall in Barbuda as a Category 5 storm, was likely\u00a0intensified<\/a>\u00a0by warmer waters in the Atlantic Ocean caused by climate change.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

Antigua and Barbuda<\/a>\u2014together with all the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) of the world\u2014emit\u00a0less than one per cent<\/a>\u00a0of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs); yet, there is no active mechanism in place for holding the world\u2019s largest emitters accountable for recovery efforts through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

What is more, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rules stipulated that Antigua and Barbuda was too rich to qualify for most aid grants needed to rebuild and repopulate Barbuda post-Irma.<\/p>\n

\u201cImmoral and unjust\u201d is how\u00a0Mia Mottley<\/a>, the prime minister of Barbados, branded the failure to deliver critical loss and damage funding to small islands, when addressing the participants of the World Leaders\u2019 Summit at COP26. She added that the toll of the climate crisis for SIDS was being measured in \u201clives and livelihoods.\u201d<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

With current emissions trends, small islands face an existential threat. The\u00a0Emissions Gap Report<\/a>\u00a0shows that even if each country met its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the\u00a0Paris Agreement<\/a>, the world\u2019s average temperature would still increase by 2.7\u00b0C, compared to pre-industrial levels, by the year 2100. A separate\u00a0special report<\/a>\u00a0by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) demonstrates that this half-a-degree difference is, indeed, a matter of life or death for SIDS.<\/p>\n

In light of this, Antigua and Barbuda decided to kick off COP26 with a big, bold move made in collaboration with\u00a0Tuvalu<\/a>, a Pacific island nation that is disappearing as a result of sea-level rise and coastal erosion. The two islands announced a platform to hold big emitters legally accountable for loss and damage from extreme weather.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

Holding polluters accountable<\/h3>\n

With Barbuda still reeling from the effects of Irma five years later\u2014a fact acknowledged by President of COP26, Alok Sharma, during the opening plenary\u2014its prime minister, Gaston Browne, came to COP26 with an ambitious plan: to hold polluters accountable.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

On the day of the World Leaders Summit, he joined the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Kausea Natano, to launch a commission that would investigate legal ways to hold large emitters responsible for the loss and damage experienced in their home countries and other SIDS.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe polluter must pay,\u201d he said, clarifying that the statement was not intended as an act of aggression. Discussions about loss and damage, however, are a sensitive topic for small islands, experts said.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor a long time, developed countries have resisted any effort to recognise loss and damage, because of the liabilities and potential claims for compensation that might emanate from that,\u201d said Colin Young, Executive Director of the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC).<\/p>\n

He credited the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) and Caribbean negotiators for the inclusion of\u00a0Article 8<\/a>, which addresses the issue of loss and damage, in the Paris Agreement. However, the absence of any mention of developed nations accepting liability was a result of compromise.<\/p>\n

According to Young, the critical issues at COP26 for small islands are limiting global warming to 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels; securing climate finance for adaptation; finalising the Paris rulebook, and creating a loss and damage fund.<\/p>\n

Speaking at a high-level COP26 side event at the AOSIS Pavilion, Tuvalu Minister of Finance, Seve Paeniu, said that such a fund would need to be accessible to the most vulnerable countries on the frontline of the climate crisis. \u201cThis is critical because even with the current funding mechanisms, such as the Global Climate Fund, a number of the SIDS have taken years just to access that global fund,\u201d Natano said.<\/p>\n

New contributions<\/h3>\n

One developed country that has taken a public leadership role in advancing loss and damage is Scotland. At COP26, the country announced a donation of 1 million pounds (US $1,340,990) to a prospective loss and damage fund.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s an issue of climate justice,\u201d Young said. \u201cWe [SIDS] are not the cause of this problem we’re suffering. So when a country like Scotland shows global leadership and is a first mover in putting a million pounds to loss and damage, it is significant,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n

As small as this amount may seem, according to the largest conglomerate of climate NGOs, Climate Action Network (CAN), it was the first time that a developed nation had embraced the term \u201closs and damage\u201d and the associated implication of liability. Scotland is \u201csetting a precedent that the richer nations must follow,\u201d CAN said in a statement.<\/p>\n

This sentiment was shared by Caroline Mair-Toby, director and founder of the Caribbean Institute of Small Islands, who considered the gesture noteworthy, especially considering that Scotland is not an independent country. \u201cThe fact that they are not obliged to do this starkly highlights the reluctance of countries that are wealthy and fully capable,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Professor Payam Akhaven, the lawyer who will lead the commission on behalf of Antigua and Barbuda and Tuvalu, told Climate Tracker that this step by Scotland was a \u201creflection of the growing recognition that climate change is the consequence of deliberate conduct causing harm.\u201d This, he said, was proof that climate change must be framed in terms of damages.<\/p>\n

Antigua and Barbuda currently serves as chair of AOSIS; however, the commission launched with Tuvalu is independent of AOSIS and will seek to garner support from other AOSIS members over the coming months.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This post was originally published at\u00a0Friedrich Ebert Stiftung\u00a0through\u00a0Climate Tracker\u2018s COP26 journalism fellowship. An edited version is republished here with permission, as part of Global Voices\u2019 coverage of\u00a0COP26. In 2017,\u00a0Hurricane Irma\u00a0reduced the tiny Caribbean island of Barbuda to \u201cliterally rubble,\u201d forcing the entire population of 1,400 residents to be evacuated to their sister island, Antigua. The\u00a0recovery […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":141460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-141459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured"],"yoast_head":"\nAntigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States - Antigua News Room<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This post was originally published at\u00a0Friedrich Ebert Stiftung\u00a0through\u00a0Climate Tracker\u2018s COP26 journalism fellowship. An edited version is republished here with permission, as part of Global Voices\u2019 coverage of\u00a0COP26. In 2017,\u00a0Hurricane Irma\u00a0reduced the tiny Caribbean island of Barbuda to \u201cliterally rubble,\u201d forcing the entire population of 1,400 residents to be evacuated to their sister island, Antigua. The\u00a0recovery […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Antigua News Room\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/antiguanewsroom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2047\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1365\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@AntiguaNewsRoom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@AntiguaNewsRoom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Editor\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/person\/36cac05ef6398fe56ae3e6317f8535c5\"},\"headline\":\"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/\"},\"wordCount\":1036,\"commentCount\":7,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1619\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Featured\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/\",\"name\":\"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States - Antigua News Room\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1619\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1619\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1619\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg\",\"width\":2047,\"height\":1365},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/\",\"name\":\"Antigua News Room\",\"description\":\"News As It Happens\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Antigua Newsroom\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1080\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_1584.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1080\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_1584.jpeg\",\"width\":1260,\"height\":1260,\"caption\":\"Antigua Newsroom\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/antiguanewsroom\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/AntiguaNewsRoom\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/antiguanewsroom\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/person\/36cac05ef6398fe56ae3e6317f8535c5\",\"name\":\"Editor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536?s=96\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536?s=96\",\"caption\":\"Editor\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/author\/editor\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States - Antigua News Room","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States","og_description":"This post was originally published at\u00a0Friedrich Ebert Stiftung\u00a0through\u00a0Climate Tracker\u2018s COP26 journalism fellowship. An edited version is republished here with permission, as part of Global Voices\u2019 coverage of\u00a0COP26. In 2017,\u00a0Hurricane Irma\u00a0reduced the tiny Caribbean island of Barbuda to \u201cliterally rubble,\u201d forcing the entire population of 1,400 residents to be evacuated to their sister island, Antigua. The\u00a0recovery […]","og_url":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/","og_site_name":"Antigua News Room","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/antiguanewsroom","article_published_time":"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2047,"height":1365,"url":"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Editor","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@AntiguaNewsRoom","twitter_site":"@AntiguaNewsRoom","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Editor","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/"},"author":{"name":"Editor","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/person\/36cac05ef6398fe56ae3e6317f8535c5"},"headline":"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States","datePublished":"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/"},"wordCount":1036,"commentCount":7,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1619\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg","articleSection":["Featured"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/","url":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/","name":"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States - Antigua News Room","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1619\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg","datePublished":"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-13T12:10:25+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1619\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1619\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GASTON-BROWNE.jpeg","width":2047,"height":1365},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/antigua-and-barbuda-says-polluters-must-pay-as-climate-change-remains-existential-threat-to-small-island-developing-states\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Antigua and Barbuda says polluters \u2018must pay,\u2019 as climate change remains existential threat to Small Island Developing States"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/","name":"Antigua News Room","description":"News As It Happens","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#organization","name":"Antigua Newsroom","url":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1080\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_1584.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:1080\/h:1080\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_1584.jpeg","width":1260,"height":1260,"caption":"Antigua Newsroom"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/antiguanewsroom","https:\/\/x.com\/AntiguaNewsRoom","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/antiguanewsroom\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/person\/36cac05ef6398fe56ae3e6317f8535c5","name":"Editor","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536?s=96","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536?s=96","caption":"Editor"},"url":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/author\/editor\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=141459"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141459\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/media\/141460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=141459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=141459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/anr-api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=141459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}