{"id":103822,"date":"2020-02-20T19:12:20","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T23:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/?p=103822"},"modified":"2020-02-20T19:12:20","modified_gmt":"2020-02-20T23:12:20","slug":"commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/","title":{"rendered":"COMMENTARY: Guyana-Venezuela And International Law"},"content":{"rendered":"
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By Sir Ronald Sanders<\/span><\/p>

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(The writer is Ambassador of Antigua and Barbuda to the United States and the Organization of American States.\u00a0\u00a0He is also a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies at the University of London and at Massey College in the University of Toronto.\u00a0\u00a0The views expressed are entirely his own)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

<\/u>\u00a0<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

Global attention to Guyana has focussed on the current campaigning for general elections due on March 2.\u00a0\u00a0Reports indicate a vigorous campaign with the country\u2019s newly found resources in oil and gas very much on the minds of the contesting political parties.<\/span><\/p>

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While the election campaign is proceeding and the electorate awaits the date on which the majority will decide which party forms the next government and who will be the President of the country, the long-standing contention between Guyana and Venezuela has been ambling its way through the International Court of Justice (ICJ) at The Hague.<\/span><\/p>

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Three weeks after the general election, the ICJ will begin four days of legal arguments, between 23 and 27 March, from Guyana and Venezuelan teams on whether the Court has jurisdiction to pronounce a judgement.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It is important to emphasise that this hearing is to determine whether the Court has jurisdiction; it is not yet concerned with the merits of the case which the Court will hear if it decides that it is properly vested with jurisdiction.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Venezuelan Government disputes the ICJ\u2019s jurisdiction.\u00a0\u00a0In a statement issued on 29 November 2019, the authorities in Caracas said it \u201creiterates its historical position on the lack of jurisdiction of that international body\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Calling the Guyana application to the Court \u201cabsurd and disturbing\u201d, the Venezuelan government revealed that it had informed the ICJ of its position in a memorandum the day before.<\/span><\/p>

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Conveniently ignored by the Venezuelan government is the binding international Award of 1899 that established and demarcated the boundary between Guyana and Venezuela.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0That boundary had been accepted, respected and even protected by Venezuela for almost 60 years until 1965 when Guyana\u2019s independence from Britain was set to take place the following year.\u00a0\u00a0Venezuela resurrected an unsubstantiated claim, attributed to one of its long dead lawyers from the 1899 arbitral process, that the US Chief Justice – one of the Arbitrators \u2013 had been bribed.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It is upon this shaky and shady allegation that Venezuela asserts the nullity of the 1899 award.<\/span><\/p>\n

In any event, it was the ICJ that had decided it wished to hold a hearing on the matter of jurisdiction, inviting Guyana and Venezuela to submit arguments.\u00a0\u00a0Having informed the Court on 18 June 2010 that \u201cVenezuela would not participate in the proceedings\u201d, the Venezuelan government nonetheless submitted its memorandum.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0However, it remains unclear whether legal representatives of the Venezuelan government will turn up to make arguments before the Court in accordance with the Court\u2019s advice.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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What is clear is that the Venezuelan government does not want any legal arbitration of its territorial claim; instead it wants Guyana to halt the ICJ proceedings and \u201cto recommence the negotiation for a definitive solution\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0That negotiation would be between the Venezuela and Guyana governments \u2013 one that has been on-going in different formats since 1965 and which made no progress because there was no shift from the Venezuelan position that it has \u201chistoric and legitimate rights over the \u2018Guayana Esequiba\u2019 since its own birth in 1810\u201d.<\/span><\/p>

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Venezuelan governments have not been averse to flexing their military muscle by invading Guyanese territory and seizing ships in Guyana\u2019s territorial waters.\u00a0\u00a0These instances are well-recorded.<\/span><\/p>\n

It should be noted that the Maduro government\u2019s continuing claim to two-thirds of Guyana is matched by the position of leaders of opposition parties, including Juan Guaid\u00f3 who some governments regard as the President of Venezuela.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Venezuela has traditionally wanted negotiations with Guyana instead of arbitration by international legal machinery because successive governments have felt that their larger population, superior military might, and greater wealth (from oil and gas) placed them in a powerful position.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Bigger and more powerful countries, regardless of their ideological stripe, prefer to deal directly with weaker countries precisely because the strong can bully the weak and, in so doing, get their way without regard to justice.<\/span><\/p>\n

Throughout the entire period of this Venezuelan claim, Guyana has been relatively poor, lacking in military strength and of no particular strategic interest to the hemispheric or international community.\u00a0\u00a0All of Guyana\u2019s options for development were constrained by that reality.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0In part, it explains why the Guyana government was anxious to settle a deal with Exxon Mobil and others for the production of oil and gas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As of 2020, Guyana officially joined the ranks of petroleum-producing states, and a big one as well.\u00a0\u00a0While Guyana is still a militarily weak nation, its economic standing will improve on the back of oil and gas reserves that now rank it amongst the world\u2019s ten top countries.\u00a0\u00a0Further, there will be far greater international interest in the preservation of Guyana\u2019s sovereignty and territorial integrity than there was before.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But the risk posed by Venezuela remains, despite its current weak economic situation and its fragile military circumstances.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0In time, these conditions could change while the ambition for claiming two-thirds of Guyana remains.\u00a0\u00a0That is why the Guyana government is right to pursue legal recourse at the ICJ as many other nations have done from the time of the Court\u2019s inception. Settlement of the issue will come only from lawful resolution.<\/span><\/p>\n

The 15-nation Caribbean Community (CARICOM) countries have always stated their support for Guyana in the territorial claim from Venezuela, notwithstanding the close relationship that developed between some of their governments and the Chavez\/Maduro governments because of the benefits of the now defunct PetroCaribe arrangements.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

At their Thirty-First Inter-Sessional Meeting in Barbados on 18-19 February, CARICOM Heads of Government repeated their \u201cfull support for the judicial process that is intended to bring a peaceful and definitive end to the long-standing controversy between the two countries\u201d. They did so while reiterating \u201ctheir firm and unswerving support for the maintenance and preservation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Guyana\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

This unanimous decision of the meeting – to stand up for a determination of the Guyana-Venezuela boundary under the rule of international law by the world\u2019s highest Court \u2013 was one of its better outcomes, showing real value for membership of the treaty organisation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Sir Ronald Sanders (The writer is Ambassador of Antigua and Barbuda to the United States and the Organization of American States.\u00a0\u00a0He is also a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies at the University of London and at Massey College in the University of Toronto.\u00a0\u00a0The views expressed are entirely his own) \u00a0 Global […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nCOMMENTARY: Guyana-Venezuela And International Law - Antigua News Room<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COMMENTARY: Guyana-Venezuela And International Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Sir Ronald Sanders (The writer is Ambassador of Antigua and Barbuda to the United States and the Organization of American States.\u00a0\u00a0He is also a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies at the University of London and at Massey College in the University of Toronto.\u00a0\u00a0The views expressed are entirely his own) \u00a0 Global […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Antigua News Room\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/antiguanewsroom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-02-20T23:12:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Ronald-Sanders-e1567707045878.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"377\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@AntiguaNewsRoom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@AntiguaNewsRoom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Editor\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#\/schema\/person\/36cac05ef6398fe56ae3e6317f8535c5\"},\"headline\":\"COMMENTARY: Guyana-Venezuela And International Law\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-20T23:12:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-02-20T23:12:20+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/\"},\"wordCount\":1052,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/mlavawteztbj.i.optimole.com\/w:377\/h:350\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Ronald-Sanders-e1567707045878.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/antiguanewsroom.com\/commentary-guyana-venezuela-and-international-law\/\",\"name\":\"COMMENTARY: Guyana-Venezuela And International Law - 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